Integrating Building Information Management (BIM) into Construction Supply Chain Management

Introduction Traditionally, construction of a given facility is largely based on two dimensional architectural plans. In the past, there were a myriad of challenges that accompanied this kind of construction. With the rapid growth in the construction industry, there have emerged systems that make the process of construction fast and efficient.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Integrating Building Information Management (BIM) into Construction Supply Chain Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some of the processes that were made part of the construction industry include building information modelling (BIM). Adoption of the process in the mainstream construction supply chain management has improved the industry. The current paper revolves around this adoption. The writer starts by putting construction supply chain management into perspective. Construction Supply Chain Management Numerous suggestions are put forward in attempts to define the concept ‘construction supply chain management’ (herein referred to as CSCM). Bennet (2011, p. 34), for instance, opines that the concept describes a venture that aims at maximising the utilisation of all aspects related to supply and manufacturing in the correct quantity. In the same vein, Hardin (2009, p. 69) defines construction supply chain management as a series of events in an organisation. The events are part of the whole production process, starting with the inception of the facility and all materials involved, to the end users and products delivered at the last phase. Harden attempts to describe the concept as the process that brings together the construction personnel, as well as direct and indirect stakeholders involved in the chain.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Different constructors like Hardin (2009, p. 47) opine that several factors are involved up the whole process of construction supply chain management in the field of construction. The initial stage involves the desire of the client to initiate a structure. Various orders follow suit in an attempt to meet the needs of the client. The orders include design, construction, maintenance, repair and, finally, demolition of the facility. In the current competitive world, construction, as a market, has increased considerably. A lot of challenges have emerged in attempts to cope with the rising demand for construction services. Bennet (2011, p. 29) contends that there is need to incorporate various factors in the field of construction. The construction process includes the integration of building information management into supply management. Building Information Modelling According to Eastman (2011, p. 14), BIM is a scenario that encompasses the virtual representation of physical information. The process comprises of all functions in a given facility, from conception to the last phase of the lifecycle. BIM is used by many stakeholders in the construction industry as a source of knowledge to make decisions regarding the performance of the facility during its entire life cycle. Eastman (2011, p. 30) opines that, traditionally, physical and functional representation was achieved through two-dimensional planning. As such, it was difficult to come up with various validation activities, making construction a tedious and challenging venture, especially when erecting complex structures.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Integrating Building Information Management (BIM) into Construction Supply Chain Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, with the introduction of BIM, the construction activities can go beyond the three dimensional planning. Before elaborating much on the use of BIM, the author of this paper will describe the concept o f construction supply chain management in general. The author will highlight the impacts of technology on construction supply chain management. Various aspects of the same will also be put into perspective. Use of Technology in Construction Supply Chain Management Many researchers agree that the impacts of technology on the construction supply chain management are remarkable. Cooperation Research Centre for Construction and Innovation [CRC] 2007, p. 59) supports these sentiments by contending that the value of technology has reduced the number of cycles involved in the construction process. â€Å"Integration† is an important phrase in this concept. To this end, such scholars as Bryrd Turner (2011, pp. 170-73) concur that the process requires the merging of a multitude of operations to achieve the intended outcome as far as construction supply chain management is concerned. As aforementioned in this paper, competition poses a challenge to this industry, especially if the corr ect channels are omitted from inception to demolition stage. As suggested by Bryrd Turner (2011, p. 74), technology is an added advantage in the construction industry. It is a strategy that can see the industry through a competitive world (Eastman Teicholz 2008).Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mismanagement of materials poses a threat to the entire process of implementing the actual project. CRC (2007, p. 61) argues that the whole process brings together a number of participants, each carrying out different activities aimed at achieving the end goal. As such, complex interactions, as well as interfaces, are experienced in the entire project. Bryrd Turner (2011, p. 169) appreciates the complexity of the construction process and recommends for integration, as opposed to carrying out the process independently. Carrying out the process independently will render the whole construction undertaking inefficient. With regard to technology itself, Al-Mudimigh Ahmed (2004, pp. 309-311) argue that the gap between the construction process and supply chain management is wide. The reason is the large number of stakeholders that play a role throughout the process. They termed the phenomenon as a form of deficiency in supply chain management, which affects the industry, especially in th e modern era. Deficiencies in Supply Chain Management The environment within which the construction projects are implemented keeps changing with regard to supply chain management. In addition, clients need extra unique services to meet their targets and to remain influential in their operations. The process is characterised by information gaps as the project advances (Dean 2007, p. 88). According to Jernigan (2007, p.103), the tools used in construction are limited to the ‘distribution nature’ of the operations. Recent developments have seen the introduction of various gadgets perceived to solve major problems in the construction industry. One of the new developments in the industry is the introduction of BIM, which was mentioned earlier in this paper. The author will now focus on BIM as an instrument used in improving construction supply chain management processes. Benefits of BIM to the Overall Executive Manager The CSCM process is faced with a lot of challenges due t o the ‘distribution’ nature of its processes. Technological interventions to solve the stagnation of the process are required. BIM, as a technological tool, has solved various issues as far as CSCM is concerned. In his book Building Information Modelling, Dean (2007, p. 106) argues that with the help of BIM, all activities pertaining to CSCM flow efficiently. The integration of the system into the mainstream construction process is highly celebrated by stakeholders in the industry. For instance, in the past, the industry was struggling to promote the use of two and three dimensional plans. However, with technological innovation, constructions can move from one dimensional plan to the other with ease (Eastman 2011, p. 58). In the past, detecting clashes within the CSCM posed a challenge to the engineers. With the introduction of BIM, effective teams are modelled and made part of the supply chain. Complex designs are tackled with ease. The concepts of a given construction are presented in a digital form. Levy (2011, pp. 309-310) describes the process as a ‘virtual representation of design’. It is at this point that possible challenges are analysed before the project is implemented (Woo 2006). BIM is preferred for its ability to limit expenses incurred by the client, especially with regard to those activities that do not add value to the process. Druck (2011, p. 104) opines that integration of BIM into the process helps by maximising production. It is argued that the success of a supply chain is determined by the value of production. In this case, production capacity is acknowledged in construction cycles (Leite 2011, pp. 605-606). According to Leite (2011, pp. 607-608), BIM provides the constructors with an avenue to exploit the contents of the design itself. The exploitation helps in distributing supply chain processes throughout the entire construction. For instance, tendering and procurement are effectively managed with the use BIM t echnology. BIM provides the clients with adequate information as far as costs are concerned. Clients demand for updated information, as well as accountability, throughout the whole project. BIM provides stakeholders with an avenue to track down all the procured items by ensuring that all processes follow a laid down order without deviating from the norm (Levy 2011, p. 318). With the help of a virtual model of the project, clients can make conclusions and determine the approach to be adopted in the whole process. Project Control According to Jernigan (2007, p. 81), project control encompasses the utilisation of resources to accomplish given goals. Generally, a project is a short- lived process, which is described by Jernigan as time-constrained. As such, operations during the construction period are handled carefully to meet the required targets. The difference between construction projects and other forms of business is the temporal nature of the former. In this case, special consid erations are made with regard to the use of BIM in an attempt to analyse the process. In practice, the use of BIM ensures all the resources procured at various stages are utilised according to plan. To this end, effective management strategies are paramount to enhance the quality of the whole process. However, the constrained nature of the project is a challenge to the managers in the sense that there are stipulated goals that need to be achieved. According to Yezioro (2008, pp. 612-6130), there are three major project control requirements. The requirements touch on the scope, time schedule, and the allocated resources with regard to the project. All these factors call for a controlled project operation. As far as BIM is concerned, project control is achieved by establishing a ‘harmonistic’ environment that guarantees effective cost management. Project control indicates the costs incurred at various stages of the construction process. The project control accounts for al l activities accomplished. It helps in highlighting any possible unwanted costs that may be incurred (Kymmell 2008, p. 18). Another important aspect in project control is the use of multiple accounting systems (Kiziltas Leite 2009, p. 62). The systems are used together to avoid additional data between the processes. The use of multiple accounting systems minimises time wastage and helps in the elimination of minor errors. Yezioro (2008, p. 91) opines that project control is a very fundamental procedure in the CSCM. A lot of information is gathered in a construction site, which is important in managing daily activities on the site. Information gathered touches on amount of hours worked and nature of equipments needed on the site. Production analysis and project control are important to avoid wastage of material and time. There are other areas in the construction process that benefit from project control. They include time management, accounting, and resource tracking. Cost Reduction in CSCM using BIM Many clients and construction personnel appreciate the importance of BIM in averting over- expenditure in all phases of the project’s life cycle. Experts in construction management like Weygant (2011, p. 109) opine that the reason why information is integrated into the construction process is to establish a platform that allows for the effective management of life cycle costs. With the use of BIM platform, Weygant agrees that all information contained in the virtual system is utilised to the maximum. It helps to avoid unnecessary expenditure during the entire cycle of the project. According to CRC (2007, p. 118), innovation related to the establishment of BIM in the construction industry has led to significant reduction in costs. For instance, energy costs and swift maintenance response are calculated to make sure unnecessary expenditures are avoided. Under normal circumstances, risk management calls for preparedness. However, with the use of BIM, disastrou s risks are analysed in the virtual system and potential sources minimised. Challenges Associated with the Use of BIM There are several challenges experienced when BIM is used. The author of this paper acknowledges the increasing popularity of BIM with regard to its use in CSCM across the market. Technology needed to support the use of BIM is rapidly growing, making the innovation more popular. However, in spite of all this, several challenges have befallen the use of BIM. For instance, such scholars as Krygiel (2008, p. 71) identify three categories of technical challenges associated with the use of BIM. The first revolves around interoperability. To this end, Krygiel (2008) is of the view that the use of BIM is not extensive enough to generate defined data. It leads to stagnation or errors in the process. The other challenge as explained by Kymmell (2008, p. 11) revolves around the need to optimise project control and allocate inputs to meet the stipulated objectives. Some inputs will address the needs of various stages ineffectively, leading to stagnation of processes. Project control helps by summarising all sequences to avoid stagnation. Another major challenge experienced when using BIM is the inability to compute digital or virtual data generated. Inability to compute such data has created a myriad of problems, leading to over-expenditure or deviation from the designed objectives as far as the project cycle is concerned (Krygiel 2008, p. 119). Integration of BIM into the Construction Project Life Cycle Integration of BIM into the construction project cycle is a fundamental aspect in the construction industry. According to Smith (2009, p. 201), the integration has allowed for a transitional process that has seen the reduction in the number of challenges encountered in the industry. In the past, information from the architect, such as digital data, was not shared with the contractors. As a result, a lot of discrepancies were noted throughout the stages. A pplication of BIM in delivering and presenting data in various stages has created a concession between different stakeholders. The development is unlike in the early years when each stage was implemented independently. According to Underwood (2009, p. 93), integration creates a link between the processes associated with initiation of information, assessing, and simulation. The life cycle of CSCM contains a wealth of information that is correctly managed with the application of BIM software. Various models are evident in the construction lifecycle. They include, among others, design, production, commissioning, operational, and demolition models. Each model provides guidelines that help in taking the project from one phase to the other. Smith (2009, p.183) affirms that design model is conceptualised in such a way that it takes the project into the production model. On its part, the building model is linked to all operations pertaining to maintenance. Up to this point, the writer has n oted several aspects related to the adoption of BIM in the construction industry. The writer has explained the importance of adopting the BIM software in all life cycles. All the cycles in the life of the project are related to each other. Discussion and Conclusions The adoption of BIM with regard to CSCM is gaining ground in the construction industry. The use of BIM enhances the management of projects in the construction industry. Adopting BIM in the industry has improved the efficiency of all the operations in the lifecycle. In addition, the adoption allows for predictability as far as the future of the project is concerned. Predictability helps in identifying potential challenges, all the way from the design stage to the demolition stage (Kymmell 2008, p. 139). The use of BIM enhances cooperation among stakeholders at all stages of the CSCM. Effective collaboration in the lifecycle of the construction project improves time management, increases profits, helps in cost reduction, a nd strengthens relationships between different parties. The adoption and use of BIM technology can prove problematic in cases where data ownership is in dispute. For instance, data created using BIM is highly disputed with regard to the actual owner of the design. It can extend to disputes over property, a phenomenon that is mainly associated with BIM. The use of BIM has created a paradigm shift in the CSCM arena. The shift has encouraged the participation of all stakeholders from inception to demolition stage. The participation has created an environment conducive for all individuals working at different stages of the process. In the past, different stakeholders had their roles misplaced. In addition, it was hard to specify the roles of all stakeholders involved at the various stages of the project. Lack of specificity led to role conflicts in the industry. Before the introduction of BIM, it was difficult to share information between the contractors, especially during the initial s tages of project implementation. Information generated by the digital architects and the contractors was not shared with other stakeholders, posing a challenge to the entire cycle. Errors were made, reducing the performance of construction workers. Sharing of information has increased the success of CSCM processes, thanks to BIM. References Al-Mudimigh, Z Ahmed, A 2004, ‘Extending the concept of technology infrastructure: exploratory analysis of a construct’, Information Technology Systems, vol. 17 no.1, pp. 309-320. Bennet, F 2011, ‘Using information technology in the management of supply chain: the effective management of value chains’, Supply Chain Managements, vol. 87 no. 3, pp. 167-208. Bryrd, A Turner, A 2011, Measuring the flexibility of information Construction, Mast Build, London. Cooperation Research Centre for Construction Innovation 2007, Adopting BIM for facilities management: solutions for managing the Sydney Opera House, Free Press, Brisban e. Dean, R 2007, Building information modelling (BIM), Department of Building Science, Auburn University, Boston. Druck, A 2011, Working definition: integrated project delivery, McGraw Hill Construction, London. Eastman, C Teicholz, P 2008, BIM handbook: a guide to building information modelling for owner’s manager’s designers, Wiley Press, London. Eastman, C 2011, BIM handbook: A guide to building information modelling for owners, managers, designers, engineers, and contractors, Hoboken, New Jersey. Hardin, B 2009, BIM and construction management: proven tools methods and workflows, Sybex Press, Texas. Jernigan, F 2007, BIG bim little bim, 4Site Press, London. Kiziltas, S Leite, F 2009, Interoperable methodologies and techniques in CAD: CAD and GIS integration, Auerbach Publications, New York. Krygiel, E 2008, Green BIM: successful sustainable design with building information modeling, Sybex, New York. Kymmell, W 2008, Building information modelling: planning and ma naging construction projects with 4D CAD and simulations, McGraw-Hill Professional, London. Leite, F 2011, ‘Analysis of modelling effort and impact of different levels of detail in building information models’, Automation in Construction, vol. 20 no. 5, pp. 601–609. Levy, F 2011, BIM in small-scale sustainable design, Wiley Press, London. Smith, D 2009, Building information modelling: a strategic implementation guide for architects engineers constructors and real estate asset managers, Wiley Press, London. Underwood, J 2009, Handbook of research on building information modelling and construction informatics: concepts and technologies, Information Science Publishing, London. Weygant, R 2011, BIM content development: standards strategies and best practices, Wiley, London. Woo, J 2006, BIM (Building Information Modelling) and pedagogical challenges, Sage, London. Yezioro, A 2008, ‘An applied artificial intelligence approach towards assessing building performan ce simulation tools’, Energy and Buildings, vol. 40 no. 3, pp. 612-700. This coursework on Integrating Building Information Management (BIM) into Construction Supply Chain Management was written and submitted by user Brendon Love to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

buy custom Baby Care essay

buy custom Baby Care essay Introduction Baby care According to (Swanson, 2000), giving the infant the experience with what is safe and available in your home gives the baby a grasp of reality and life. The babys family should stimulate the babys touch and interaction as a part of her growth emotionally, mentally, and physically. The emotional care is given to the baby is her foundation for a lively and healthy baby. This is the basic care given to children. This surmised to be the primary goal of every parent. As noted by (Kishimoto Shizawa, 2008, p.287), each parent should endeavor in feeding the child well, as this plays an important role in preventing the child from contracting diseases. Essentially, one of the basic things that should be taken into account is the child sleep. The child should be swaddled well because, small children have big surface are to volume ratio, therefore; they should be kept warm and comfortable. This keeps them more secure, and they feel better, when they are tightly swaddled. This may vary with some children kicking the blanket. However, it is generally a requirement for all newborn children to undergo this procedure. One is required to lay the blanket to be a square. It should be followed by many receiving blankets which are mostly given in a package. The blanket is then placed as a diamond the head of the baby goes in one corner of the square blanket, the arms of the baby pointed the two corners and, the foot pointing the last corner which points the opposite of the head. Here, draw up first the foot portion, leave the arms on the chest, and bring one flap of the blanket over and tightly tuck it under, then, bring the other flap over and tuck it under. In doing this, child is tightly swaddled. When preparing for the arrival of the child from the hospital, it is necessary for one to have a good bottle, and a pacifier in the house. Consequently, one could wonder as to why bottle is necessary bearing in mind that the child is going to be breast fed, but these bottles come in handy in the event that the mother would require a break and leave the child in someones care. Therefore, the mothers milk is pumped into this bottle for someone else to feed the baby. It is also very important as it helps the baby in getting used to bottle feeding. The pacifiers, on the other hand, are of great help especially if the baby is fussy, who after coming home from hospital wont sleep as asserted by (Bostan, 1999, p. 87). The only disadvantages of using a pacifier is that the baby it might cause nipple confusion to the baby, and make the baby not want to latch on too well, in the event that one is planning to breast feed. In many cases, however, your child will guide in the way she likes to be treated from her responses on various treatment through crying or otherwise. This will bring out parental instinct the will guides one auto matically. Responses to babys cries A baby just like any other person needs to communicate. The media through which a child communicates are through crying. Therefore, anytime a child cries, she there is a message she is trying to put across that needs to be responded to that situation (Rowe Allison, 2010, p.240). It may imply that he is hungry or uncomfortable. It helps her in responding to sensations that are too intense to suit him and assists in release tension. Your baby may have fussy periods throughout the day and may be inconsolable, but after this periods, she back to her normal self and seems more alert than before, which is normally followed by good deep sleep. This condition helps the babies to release excess energy. If one pays close attention to different cries with time one is soon able to tell when she needs to be tended to, picked up, or consoled and those times that she needs to be on herself. One may even master specific needs, by the way, she cries. For example, for a hungry baby the cry is characterized by short and low-pitched, with rising and falling intervals. While, for an angry baby the cry is more unstable. The cry implying that she needs to be left alone is similar to the hunger cry. According to (Rowe, Allison, 2010, p 245), as the baby grows up, the cries become more elaborate as opposed to newborns cries that may sometimes overlap confusing one of the intended messages. In response to the infants cries, one should try to attend to the most pressing issues first. In case she is cold, hungry and his diapers are wet, the first thing should bemaking the baby warm then move on to feeding her. If the this cry persist, one should try the following and see which technique works for her: Rocking her in your arms and swaying her from side to side, singing, walking him in your arms, a stroller, or a carriage, Gently patting his chest or back, Playing soft music, a tight blanket that the baby has been swaddled in, give her a warm bath, Riding in the car, Burping her to relieve any trapped gas bubbles. In the event that all this fails, it is advisable to leave the baby alone since some babies have to cry before crying. In case, the baby is tired the cry mostly does not last long. If all this techniques proves futile, then the baby might be sick so the first thing one should do is checking the babys rectal temperature and if it exceeds 100 degrees Fahrenheit she could be having an infection and one should contact a pediatrician. In tackling with the baby when she is crying, one should be relaxed in doing this. Babies are sensitive to tension around them, and so when on panics it may worsen the cries of the baby as noted by (Zwart Ledebt, 2005, p. 249). Therefore, if you are unable to handle the baby at that point one should seek assistance from another person who is experienced with those kinds of situations, a change in faces can at times calm the baby. One should never result to shaking the baby as this could have an adverse effect to the child. For example, shaking an infant hard can bring blindness, brain damage, or even death. One should not take the babys cry personally it only normal for small children to cry. You should always be realistic to the approach to different circumstances, seek help whenever necessary and, give yourself plenty of rest. Helping your baby to sleep An infants stomach can only hold enough for three to four hours. For this reason, constant feeding and waking is a normal occurrence for the first few weeks. It is never so early to teach the baby that nighttime is for sleeping and day time for play. This is effectively achieved by maintaining nighttime feeding as subdued as possible. One should never turn on the lights at night when the baby is sleeping or prolonging the late-night diaper change. During the day, one should occasionally wake the baby in the late afternoon and try playing with her. The way to position the baby for sleep An infant of the age of between 0-4 months should be placed on her back while sleeping as this safer as it prevents Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Since within the duration of the first six months of the babys life, that SIDS is more prevalent. It is also important to note that it is never safe to place your child on soft, porous surfaces such as pillows or quilts as this may block the babys airway and suffocate her. Therefore, firm mattresses covered by a sheet are recommended as argued by (Zwart Ledebt, 2005). By three months, the baby weighs between 12-13 pounds is capable of sleeping between six to eight hours since their stomachs have now grown. In the case of this stage, if the child starts late-night wake-up, then the baby may be in a teething or development changes. Every parent should make it a habit of helping the baby doze off by giving them continuous stimulation. Toddler is the age where children are learning to walk. This occurs at the age between 1-2 years. This is a very crucial age for a child. It is the stage between infancy and childhood. When a child is able to learn and grow in many ways. At this stage, children learn to walk, talk and solve problems that they are encountering at this stage. The main challenge at this stage for the child is learning to be independent. They try to learn doing things for themselves and, have their own ideas on things around them. At this stage is normally characterized by vigorous growth and change, mood swings and so negativity. Though they will on many things, they are limited on skills. Thats the reason behind why they would often tend to misbehave. Toddlers with much energy and ideas they are eager to explore their environment. They feel so independent, while in the real sense, real sense they are very dependent. They are so troubled with their own needs and ideas. Thats the reason why at this stage they display a selfish nature to other people and other people. They feel so frustrated because they lack the language skills to express themselves. Therefore, they became inseparable from their parents and other whom they feel understands them. They beegin to take an interest in being toilet trained, and at the age of three, they are referred as preschoolers. This is the stage whereby, they are toilet trained, becoming more independent, and are developing verbal skills, they take a keen interest on the world around them. Their main aspects of growth being: physical, social, intellectual, and emotional. Physical development At this point, their growth is less quickly compared to infancy. They also tend to eat less, but will eat frequently throughout the day. From time to time, they are capable of scribbling and can stand blocks (Rowe Allison, 2010). They are able to drink from a cup but will do this will help from someone. At this stage, they are capable of walking around without support at 14 months. Many toddlers are in a position to walk backward and up steps by the time they are 22 months. At the age, of two years now they have really grown, and they can separate things, and put them back together. For example, screwing and unscrewing lids. Their legs and arms are now strong for them to kick and throw balls and the other thing around. They also are in a position to stand on tip toes. They have, at this point developed the coordination of their body and now can run, climb on things, walk up and down the stairs or even dig; though risky. They feel the discomfort brought about by the soiled or wet diapers. The social and emotional training For one year olds, they are out to do most things independently; they very quickly forget the rules set by their parents as noted by (Rowe Allison, 2010). High tempers and persistent tantrums become an everyday norm. Possessiveness and lack of willingness to share things with other children are common phenomena. They love playing by themselves or besides but dare not to play with those other children. Mostly at this stage, they always seek attention from their parents and other members of their families. They begin to express new emotions like shame, jealous pride or even affection. They want to be in constant company of their parents and in their absence they will tend to keep asking for them. They also suffer from rapid mood swings, and posses intense emotions but are usually very short-lived. In the case, of the two-year olds, they often refuse to be assisted when doing things. The two year olds are more secure of themselves than the one year children. They begin to play simple pretend games. They normally play short and simple fantasy games, and do not involve others. They try to assert themselves by saying no or disagreeing with other people. At this stage, they continuously act in opposition of what they are told to do; rebellious. They are easily and quickly frustrated and will be seen imitating the behavior of adults and others. Intellectual development This are those activities that toddlers are involved in, to show that the brain of the child is growing. In the case, of a one year old, their attention span is normally so short and, then becomes distracted by one thing or the other. They are so curious and what to know whatever is being done around them as noted by (Swanson, 2000). They try to combine words to form a sentence. Whenever they want something they always communicate by pointing at things that want. They are able to name body parts and pictures, many at times they imitates sounds that are familiar to them. They begin to involve a second person in pretend plays. They begin using the pronoun me and mine when referring to things that they believe is theirs. They end up using objects for intended use. They are always very active; since their imagination is also developing they always confuse what is real from what is imaginary. In conclusion, the two year olds, they are capable of following simple directions. They object to represent other objects. They are also capable of using three or more words when conversing. They are capable of expressing their feelings and wishes. It becomes very difficult for them to make choices. Many at times they join in simple songs and, think of doing something before doing it. It is very important for parents to take their time and watch their children as they play, because it is through this that they are able to notice various differences in their childs growth, be it, weight, or height or how they relate with other children. It is through this that they would be capable of noticing whether their children are growing normally or not. Buy custom Baby Care essay